Every flight crew involved in an accident/incident is flying the aircraft due to the fact that they have undergone the necessary training and have demonstrated their proficiency/competency. Since the flight crew is the last line of defense and as Prof. Patrick Hudson puts it is the first person at the scene of the accident/incident. The question that naturally arises is, why did the crew not prevent the accident/incident if they were adequately trained and had demonstrated their ability to fly safely? In his 1931 book "Industrial Accident Prevention, A Scientific Approach", Herbert W Heinrich put forward the following concept that became known as Heinrich's Law: in a workplace, for every accident that causes a major injury, there are 29 accidents that cause minor injuries and 300 accidents that cause no injuries. This is commonly depicted as a pyramid (in this case with the number of minor incidents shown as 30 for simplicity):
...
